一,Izinkinga Zesakhiwo Seseli (Izinkinga Eziwumgogodla)
1.Isakhiwo seseli esingalingani (siyahlukahluka ngosayizi)
Isimanga: Ingxenye-eyisiphambano yomkhiqizo ibonisa ingxube ehlukile yamaseli amakhulu namancane, anokusabalalisa okungavamile, okuthinta ukuthinta kwesandla kanye nezakhiwo zomshini womkhiqizo.
Imbangela:
I-1) Ukuxuba okungalingani: Izingxenye ze-A/B (ikakhulukazi i-ejenti ekhihliza amagwebu) azizange zixutshwe kahle, okuholela ekugxilweni okuphezulu ngokweqile kwe-ejenti egwebuzelayo kwezinye izindawo kanye nokwakheka kwamabhamuza amakhulu.
2) Isivinini esingafanele sokunyakazisa kanye nesikhathi: Ngaphambi kokujova esibunjeni, uma ukushukuma komshini kudingekile ukuze kufakwe amagwebu angokwenyama njenge-nitrogen, ukunyakazisa ngokushesha kakhulu noma okunensa kakhulu, noma okude kakhulu noma okufushane kakhulu, konke kuzoholela kumasayizi amabhamuza angalingani.
I-3) Ukungafani kwe-Viscosity kwenhlanganisela yenjoloba: Uma i-viscosity ye-rubber compound iphezulu kakhulu, ukumelana nokunyakaza nokuhlanganiswa kwama-bubbles ku-compound yenjoloba kukhulu, futhi kulula ukwenza ama-bubbles anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Uma i-viscosity iphansi kakhulu, amabhamuza avame ukuntanta phezulu futhi ahlangane abe amabhamuza amakhulu.
4)Ukungafani phakathi kwe-vulcanization nesivinini esikhihliza amagwebu: Lesi isizathu esiyinhloko. Uma isivinini esikhihliza ugwebu sishesha kakhulu kunesivinini sokuvuvukala, amabhamuza anesikhathi esanele sokuhlangana nokukhula, okuholela ekungalinganini. Ngokuphambene, uma i-vulcanization ishesha kakhulu, amabhamuza azolungiswa ngaphambi kokuba akhule, okungase kuphumele ekukhihlizeni amagwebu okwanele.
2. Izinga{1}}zeseli elivaliwe liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu
Isimanga: Izinga leseli elivaliwe{0}eliphezulu: Umkhiqizo unokukhuthazela okuhle kodwa ukusetha okungalungile kokuminyanisa unomphela, futhi uzwa unzima uma kuqhathaniswa. Izinga eliphezulu lokuvula: Umkhiqizo uthambile futhi uyaphefumula, kodwa unokuqina okubuthakathaka futhi ujwayele ukucindezelwa kanye nokuguqulwa.
Isizathu:
1)Ifomula yenhlanganisela yerabha: Amandla esakhiwo (imoduli) ye-silicone ngokwayo ayisihluthulelo. Udonga lwefilimu{2}}lwamandla enjoloba ehlanganisiwe ephezulu lungamboza kangcono amagesi futhi lwakhe amaseli avaliwe. Izinhlanganisela zenjoloba ezinamandla-eziphansi zijwayele ukugqashuka lapho amabhamuza enwebeka, okuholela ekuvulekeni kwezimbobo.
I-2) Uhlobo nomthamo we-ejenti egwebulile: Ama-agent ahlukene amakhemikhali anegwebu anamazinga ahlukene egesi yokubola kanye ne-solubilities yamagesi ku-compound yenjoloba, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuzinza kodonga lwama-pore.
3)Isivinini se-Vulcanization: Isivinini esisheshayo sokwenza i-vulcanization sisiza ukuzinzisa isakhiwo seseli ngokushesha futhi sakhe amaseli avaliwe. I-vulcanization ehamba kancane inika amabhamuza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphuka nokuxhuma, enze izimbotshana ezivulekile.
3.Imbobo nkulu kakhulu noma incane kakhulu
I-Phenomenon: Usayizi omaphakathi wamaseli uyachezuka kokuthi umklamo oqondiwe.
Isizathu:
1) Umthamo we-ejenti egwebulile: Uma kunezelwa i-ejenti egwebu kakhulu, kukhiqizwa igesi eyengeziwe futhi ubukhulu bembobo buba bukhulu.
I-2) I-Nucleating agent: Ama-nucleating agents angangezwe noma angezwe ngamanani anganele (njengezinhlayiya ezinhle njenge-zinc oxide) awakwazi ukunikeza amaphuzu anele we-bubble nucleating, okuholela enanini elincane lamabhamuza kodwa amabhamuza amakhulu ngamanye.
3) Ukulawula ukucindezela: Ukucindezela kwesikhunta nokucindezela komjovo kuthinta i-nucleation nokukhula kwamabhamuza. Ukukhulula ukucindezela ngokushesha kakhulu kuzobangela amabhamuza ukuthi akhule ngokushesha.
2, Izinkinga zekhwalithi yobuso
1.Indawo eqinile, ikhasi lewolintshi, namabhamuza
I-Phenomenon: Ukubukeka komkhiqizo abushelelezi, kunokuthungwa okufana nekhasi lewolintshi, futhi namabhamuza anemifantu engaphezulu angabonakala.
Isizathu:
1) Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lesikhunta: Uma inhlanganisela yenjoloba ihlangana nobuso besikhunta, i-ejenti enegwebu engaphezulu ibola ngamandla ngokuphazima kweso, bese igesi ibhodloza endaweni engavuthisiwe, ibangele ukuhwalala namabhamuza.
2) Ukunamathela kwenhlanganisela yenjoloba esikhunjeni: Ngaphambi kokuba inhlanganisela yenjoloba ikhule, yehluleka ukunamathela kahle ebusweni besikhunta, futhi igesi iqoqana esibonakalayo ukuze yakhe amabhamuza angaphezulu.
3) Ukuqedwa kwesikhunta: Uma isikhunta ngokwaso sibushelelezi ngokwanele, sizobhebhethekisa izinkinga ezingaphezulu.
2. Isikhumba esingaphezulu sijiyile noma sincane kakhulu
I-Phenomenon: Imikhiqizo enegwebu ngokuvamile inongqimba oluminyene lwesikhumba. Isikhumba esiwugqinsi kakhulu sithinta ukuthamba kwayo, kanti isikhumba esincanyana kakhulu sithinta amandla nokubukeka kwayo.
Isizathu:
1) Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta: Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liyisihluthulelo sokwenza isikhumba. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lesikhunta lidala ukuthi injoloba engaphezulu ivuvukele ngokushesha, ivimbele ukukhihliza amagwebu futhi yakhe isikhumba esincane. Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphansi, i-vulcanization yendawo ihamba kancane, futhi igesi ekhiqizwe ngaphakathi ingase iphakamise ungqimba olungaphezulu, yenze isikhumba esiwugqinsi esinezimbotshana.
I-2) I-Thermal conductivity ye-compound yenjoloba: Ukungahambi kahle kokushisa kwe-rubber compound kungaholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu kokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwesendlalelo sesikhumba.
3, Izinkinga Eziphathelene Nobukhulu Nezakhiwo Zomzimba
1.Ukuchezuka kokuminyana okukhulu
I-Phenomenon: Ukuminyana komkhiqizo okungazinzile, noma ukuminyana okungalingani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomkhiqizo ofanayo.
Isizathu:
1)Ivolumu yomjovo engalungile: Lena imbangela eqondile kakhulu. Umthamo womjovo wesikhunta ngasinye kufanele ucace futhi uhambisane.
2)Inqubo yokukhipha amagwebu engazinzile: Zonke-izinkinga zeseli ezibalulwe ngenhla (ukungalingani, osayizi abahlukahlukene) zizobangela ukushintshashintsha kokuminyana.
3)I-vulcanization enganele: Imikhiqizo ene-vulcanization enganele inokusekelwa okungalungile futhi ingase iminyaniswe ngokweqile ngemva kokudilizwa, okuholela kumanani aphezulu okulinganisa ukuminyana.
2. Izinga elikhulu lokushwabana noma ukuwohloka
okwenzekayo: Umkhiqizo ushwabana kakhulu ngemva kokudilizwa, noma ama-warps nama-twist enzeka.
Isizathu:
1)Isakhiwo seseli: Ngemikhiqizo enesakhiwo-esivulekile seseli, ngemva kokudilizwa, igesi yangaphakathi iyaphuma, engabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kobukhulu.
2)I-vulcanization enganele: Ukuminyana okuxhumanisayo akuphakeme ngokwanele, amasegimenti e-polymer chain awakwazi ukumiswa kahle, futhi izinga lokuncipha liyakhuphuka.
I-3) Ukupholisa okungalingani: Ngemva kokukhishwa komkhiqizo esikhunjini, uma amazinga okupholisa ezingxenye ezihlukene engaguquki, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuzokwenziwa, okuholela ekuguqulweni.
4) Idizayini yesikhunta: Idizayini yephinikhodi ye-ejector ayinangqondo, ibangela ukuthi umkhiqizo ukhubazeke ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha.
3. Ukungaqini kahle kanye nesethi yokucindezela
ukwenzeka: Umkhiqizo awukwazi ukubuyela esimweni sawo sangempela ngemva kokucindezelwa, okuholela ekungeneni okuhlala njalo.
Isizathu:
1)Isakhiwo seseli: Ukuvuleka okuphezulu kakhulu{1}}kwesilinganiso seseli kuyimbangela eyinhloko yesethi yokuminyanisa unomphela okungekuhle.
2)Izinga le-vulcanization: Okuqinile ngaphansi-kokwenziwa i-vulcanization kungaholela emandleni anganele enethiwekhi ye-molecular ye-silicone yerabha, okuyenza ingakwazi ukunikeza ukukhuthazela okwanele.
I-3) Izakhiwo zemvelo zenhlanganisela yerabha: Isisekelo esikhethiwe se-silicone irabha eluhlaza ayinako ukuqina.