Amasistimu avamile wokuvuvuka ahlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko abe yizigaba ezimbili ezinkulu:i-peroxide radical vulcanization systems kanye ne-platinum addition vulcanization systems. Ukwengeza, akhona amanye amasistimu ambalwa akhethekile. Ukukhethwa kwesistimu ethile kuthinta ngokuqondile inqubo yokukhipha amagwebu, ukusebenza komkhiqizo, kanye nezindleko.
- I-Peroxide Radical Vulcanization Systems
Lolu wuhlelo lwe-vulcanization oluvamile futhi olusetshenziswa kabanzi, oluqala ukuphambana kwerabha ye-silicone ngama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa ukubola okushisayo kwama-peroxides.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-peroxides:
(1)2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl Peroxide (DCB):
Kubonakala njengama-granules amhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okuphaphathekile, izimpushana, noma okunamathiselwe. Njengamanje, ivame ukwakhiwa ibe ama-paste noma ama-disperssions kusetshenziswa uwoyela we-silicon noma ezinye izithwali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nokuhlakazeka.
I-DCBP ivamise ukubola phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-90 kuya ku-120 degree, okulenza libe elinye lama-peroxides aphilayo aqine kakhulu ngokushisa. Ukubola kwayo ngokushesha kukhiqiza ama-radicals mahhala asheshisa ukuxhuma kwe-polymer-okuxhumanisa, okuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi kuvumela ukudilizwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ikhiqiza ama-acidic byproducts njengegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kanye ne-2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, engase ibeke engcupheni ukuzinza kokushisa, ukufakwa kukagesi, kanye nokucindezelwa kwezakhiwo ezingapheli zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
I-Benzoyl dichloride peroxide ingumlando obalulekile-umsebenzi ophansi{1}}onomthelela ongemuhle ezingeni lokushisa. Inezici zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile futhi yake yaba yinto esemqoka yokwenza amagwebu ejeli ye-silica. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezidingo ezikhulayo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha, nokusebenza komkhiqizo, isikhundla sawo siphonselwe inselelo izinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu nezinobungani nemvelo.
(2) 
2,5-I-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxycyclohexane) ( DBPMH ):
Ifomu lempahla evamile: Inhlama noma uketshezi (okuvame ukuhlanjululwa ngamafutha abicah, i-silica, noma i-calcium carbonate njengezithwali zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nokuhlakazwa kwezinhlanganisela zenjoloba) kusukela kokumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi ngokukhanyayo nobumsulwa obungu-40% -50%. Akuvamile ukutholakala ngendlela ehlanzekile.
Izinga lokushisa lokubola le-bis(2,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfide (DCBP) liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo le-bis(2,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfide (DCBP) (~100 degree). Lokhu kudinga ukuthi inqubo ye-vulcanization/ukukhihliza amagwebu yenziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngokuvamile ngamazinga okushisa esikhunta asukela ku-165℃kuya ku-180 degree).
Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yokubola ye-DBPMH ihlanganisa i-tert-butanol, i-acetone, i-ethane, ne-nitrogen (kusuka kumenzeli ogwebulile).
Le mikhiqizo yokubola ingama-molecule amancane aguquguqukayo, angenayo izinto ezine-asidi futhi engagqwali, ngaleyo ndlela ingabangeli monakalo ezikhunjini namathuluzi. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yesikhunta futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulondoloza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphunga labo lithambile ngokwedlulele, lidala indawo yokukhiqiza enobungani bemvelo engakwazi ngisho nokungabi nephunga.
Okwesibili, ibhodi legwebu legwebu le-silica elicijile le-DCBP{0} alidingi ukuguqulwa kwesibili noma ubude besikhathi obuncane, linciphisa kakhulu kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nesikhathi sokucubungula.
Okwesithathu, ukwakheka okumbaxambili okungu-2,5, njengepheroksidi esebenza kabili (lapho i-molecule eyodwa ingakhiqiza ama-radicals amahhala amabili asebenzayo lapho kubola), inika amandla ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi exhumene ne-C-C{3}}eminyene.
Ngenxa yalokho, inika umkhiqizo ukusimama okushisayo okukhethekile, ukumelana okuphezulu nokuwohloka unomphela kokuminyanisa, kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme-zemishini. I-DBPMH-imikhiqizo ye-silicone efakwe engcupheni ingamelana-nokuchayeka ekushiseni isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa afika ku-180℃-200℃, isebenze kahle kakhulu kunalawo ashiswe nge-DCBP.
Inethiwekhi ye-crosslinking izinzile, futhi ukusebenza kwe-springback kuhle ngemva kokucindezelwa{0}}kwesikhathi eside, futhi izici ezihlanganisayo ezifana namandla okudonsa amandla namandla okudabula zinhle kakhulu.
- Platinum Addition Vulcanization Systems
Uhlelo lwe-platinum foaming lumelela isisombululo esithuthuke kakhulu nesiphezulu kakhulu se-vulcanization emkhakheni we-silicone foam. Akuyona "i-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu" kodwa iwuhlelo lwamakhemikhali oluphelele olusebenzisa i-platinum (Pt) njengama-catalysts ukuze kufinyelelwe{1}}ukuxhumanisa ngokusabela kwe-silane. Phakathi nale nqubo, isebenza ngokubambisana nama-ejenti agwebu ngokomzimba ukukhiqiza izinto ezinegwebu.
1. Isimiso esiyinhloko: Ukusabela okungeziwe, hhayi ukusabela okukhulu
Ngokuphambene kakhulu ne-radical cleavage-indlela yokuhlanganisa kabusha yama-peroxides (isb, i-DBPMH), uhlelo olususelwe ku-platinum{{3}lincike ekuphenduleni okunembayo kokwengezwa. Ngaphansi kwe-platinum catalysis, i-double bond yeqembu le-vinyl yengeza ubuningi kubhondi ye-silane, yakhe ikhabhoni ezinzile-ikhabhoni kanye ne-silicon-i-carbon bond ukuze kwakhiwe-inethiwekhi enobukhulu obuthathu.
Izinzuzo ezine eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-platinum foam:
Cha nge-imikhiqizo,{1}}okumsulwa kakhulu.Ngokuqukethwe kwento eguquguqukayo ephansi kakhulu, ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nephunga eliqinile nezimfuneko zokukhipha ukudla, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha,{0}}ama-electronics aphezulu, nezinye izinkambu.
Ukuzinza kwe-thermal okukhethekile nokuqina.Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ende noma{0}}izimo zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ibonisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokutholwa kokuguquguquka, ukulondoloza ubuqotho bezimpawu nokusebenza okunciphisa isikhathi eside.
Ukusebenza kahle ekuphepheni nasekulawuleni inqubo.Inqubo ye-vulcanization iyalawuleka kakhulu, ihlanganisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Isakhiwo se-pore siyalawuleka kahle.Ukusabela okuxhumanisayo okusheshayo nokuhlanzekile{0}}kungakwazi "ukukhiya" kangcono igesi, kwenze ukwakheka kwembotshana okunezinga eliphezulu elivalekile{1}}elinobukhulu bembobo obufanayo.
Izinselelo zePlatin Foaming Systems:
Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu: Ama-catalyst eplatinamu ayabiza ngokwemvelo, abiza izikhathi eziningi izikhathi ezingamakhulu kune-peroxide.
Ukuzwela okwedlulele "kubuthi": Landela amanani e-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, isulfure, ithini, inhlanganisela yomthofu, kanye nama-amine athile ephilayo nama-chloride, "angafaka ushevu" unomphela we-platinum catalysts, awenze angasebenzi futhi aholele ekushiseni okungaphelele. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziqinile ekuhlanzekeni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, indawo yokukhiqiza, namathuluzi okusebenza.
Izimfuneko zesitoreji nokucubungula ziqinile: Ngokuvamile kunikezwa{0}}njengokwakheka kwezingxenye ezimbili (izingxenye ze-A/B), ezidinga isitoreji esiqandisi, futhi kufanele sisetshenziswe phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo ngemva kokuxutshwa.
- Amanye amasistimu we-vulcanization:
Isistimu ye-Ultraviolet vulcanization:Ama-Photoinitiators engezwa kurabha ye-silicone, futhi ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Izinzuzo: Ingavuvukala khona manjalo kuthempelesha yegumbi, okonga amandla{1}}futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Imikhawulo: Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kunamandla okungena alinganiselwe futhi kufanelekile kuphela kuma-coatings noma amashidi abonisa ngale noma amancane kakhulu{3}}abanegwebu. Emabhodini aminyene anegwebu, kunzima ukufeza i-vulcanization efanayo kulo lonke.
Irabha eqinile ye-silicone ene-vulcanized: Isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-peroxide olufana nolwerabha ye-silicone exubile, futhi iyabunjwa futhi ifakwe amagwebu ngemva kokuxutshwa kwangaphakathi nokuxuba okuvulekile. Le nqubo ingeyendabuko futhi ifaneleka ukwenza imikhiqizo ebunjiwe enegwebu enogqinsi oluthile.