Ngokwendinganiso ye-ESDA Association (ESDA), umehluko phakathi kwezinto eziqhutshwayo, izinto ezilahlwayo ze-electrostatic kanye nezinto zokuvikela ngokuyinhloko ekumelaneni kwazo/ukumelana nokukwazi ukushaja kwe-electrostatic charge.
Singakuqonda lokhu ngesifaniso esilula: Cabanga ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene zamanzi agobhozayo.
Izinto eziqhutshwayo → Ipayipi lensimbi elibanzi: amanzi (amanje) angadlula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi acishe ngaphandle kokumelana.
I-electrostatic dissipating material→ ipayipi lamanzi lerabha elinokungqubuzana okumaphakathi: ukugeleza kwamanzi (okwamanje) kungasimama futhi kulawuleke.
Izinto ezivikelayo → Ipayipi elivaleke ngokuphelele: awekho amanzi (okwamanje) angadlula.
Umehluko oyinhloko ungaphakathi noma ivolumu resistivity yezinto.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinendawo noma ukumelana nevolumu ngaphansi kuka-1×10⁴ (ngaphansi kuka-10,000 Ω).
Izinto ze-Electrostatic dissipative zibonisa indawo engaphezulu noma ukumelana nevolumu ukusuka ku-1×10⁴<1×10¹¹ (10,000 Ω to 100 billion Ω), while insulating materials possess a resistivity ≥ 1×10¹¹ (greater than or equal to 100 billion Ω)
1. Izinto zokuqhuba
Isici esiyinhloko sezinto ezisebenzayo ukuthi ukumelana kuphansi kakhulu, okunikeza indlela yokugeleza kokushaja okumile cishe akukho ukuvinjelwa.
Lesi sici singakhipha ukushaja okumile phansi ngokushesha okukhulu (imvamisa<0.1 seconds). Therefore, it is mainly used in situations where the static charge needs to be removed quickly and must be reliably grounded.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ezitezi eziphikisana ne-antistatic, indawo yokusebenza, amabhokisi okuphatha, izibambo zamathuluzi, amabhande asehlakaleni, njll.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokushajwa okusheshayo kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuthintana okuqondile nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi kakhulu (njengama-IC chips) kungase kuholele ekukhishweni okukhulu kwamanje, okungalimaza izingxenye (lo monakalo ubizwa ngokuthi i-CDM, imodeli yedivayisi yokushaja). Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekufakweni noma ekuphedeni izingxenye ezinembayo.
2. Izinto ze-Electrostatic dissipative
Isici esiyinhloko sezinto ezichithwa yi-electrostatic dissipative ukuthi inani lokumelana liphakathi kwe-conductive ne-insulating, okuvumela ukushaja okumile ukuthi kugelezele phansi ngesivinini esilawulwayo, esinensa ngokuqhathaniswa.
Izinto ezilahlwayo ezimile ziyinketho ekahle yokuvikela izingxenye ezizwela kakhulu ku-electrostatic (ESDS). Abavimbeli ngokuphumelelayo kuphela ukuqoqwa kukagesi omile, kodwa futhi bavimbele imisinga ephezulu ebhubhisayo ebangelwa isivinini sokukhipha ngokweqile, ukufeza "ukukhishwa okuphephile".
Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa amathreyi e-IC nezikhala, izikhwama zokupakisha ezilwa-ezimile, amaphedi ebhentshi lomsebenzi, ama-silicone foam gaskets/clamps, indawo yebhentshi lokusebenzela, njll.
Izinkomba zokusebenza: Ngokuvamile zidinga amandla okunciphisa ngokuphephile i-voltage emile yama-volts angu-5000 iye kuziro ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-0.1.
3. Izinto ze-insulation
Isici esiyinhloko se-insulating impahla ukuthi inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu futhi empeleni ayiqhubeki, ukuze ishaja emile ingakwazi ukugeleza kahle phezu noma ngaphakathi kwayo.
Iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwe-ESD: Izinto ezifakwayo zikhawulelwe ngokuqinile noma zinqatshelwe ku-EPA (Electrostatic Protection Area). Ngoba uma inkokhiso isikhiqiziwe (isb, ngokungqubuzana, ukuhlukana), ihlala phezu kwesivikelo isikhathi eside.
Uma into efakwayo eshajwayo iseduze ne-conductor ephansi noma into ezwelayo, izobangela ukuphuma kwe-arc ngokushesha, okulula ukubangela umonakalo obulalayo emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi.
Izinto zokuvikela ezivamile amabhodlela epulasitiki ajwayelekile, i-polystyrene eyigwebu (i-polystyrene), izikhwama zepulasitiki ezijwayelekile, amapulasitiki ajwayelekile angalashwa kanye nenjoloba.