Embonini yokukhiqiza, onjiniyela abanomthwalo wokuvala uphawu ngokuvamile ngamalungu adinga kakhulu ethimba lephrojekthi.
Uma umshini usebenza ngokujwayelekile, akekho ocabanga ngawe; kodwa uma okokusebenza sekuvuza ukuvuza (kwamanzi, uwoyela, noma igesi) endaweni yekhasimende, umuntu wokuqala othweswe icala ngokungangabazeki unjiniyela wokuvala.
Unjiniyela wesakhiwo kuqala uhlola ubukhulu bomsele, eqinisekisa ukuthi zidwetshwe ngokunembile ngokuya ngemininingwane yokubekezelela. Umnyango we-IQC ube usuqinisekisa umbiko wefekthri, uqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlinzekwa abakhiqizi abakhulu ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso ezidingekayo. Ekugcineni, isibopho sokuhlaziya ukwehluleka siwela ngokulinganayo kunjiniyela wokutywina.
Ususe indandatho ye-O- enesici; ubuso bayo bebuphelele, bungenayo imifantu noma izimpawu zokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Okuwukuphela kwenguquko kwaba ukuthi yayisicaba futhi ayikwazanga ukubuyiselwa esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni.
Kulesi sigaba, ukugxila kuphela kumandla aqinile kanye namanani okuqina ogwini asohlwini lwezicaciso zezinto ezibonakalayo zomphakeli kungase kuhluleke ukuhlonza imbangela yangempela yokwehluleka.
Ezindaweni zezinto ze-polymer ezivaliwe, ukusebenza- kokuvala isikhathi eside ngokuvamile akunqunywa ngobulukhuni bempahla noma amandla aqinile, kodwa ngepharamitha evamise ukulinganiswa kancane: isethi yokucindezela (CS).
Ake sihlole le pharamitha ngokujula ngemibono emithathu.
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Ukubekwa uphawu - yini ngempela evalwayo?
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokuguqulwa okungapheli okucindezelayo, kubalulekile ukulungisa umbono oyiphutha ovamile: ukubeka uphawu akuncikile "ekuvimbeni" kodwa "ekusekeleni."
isithombe
Uma ufaka iringi ye-silicone O-emgodini wensimbi futhi uqinisa i-flange, i-silicone iyacindezelwa (imvamisa ibe isilinganiso esingu-15%–30%).
I-Silicone iyimpahla enwebeka kakhulu. Uma icindezelwe, amaketanga ayo amangqamuzana ayahlanekezelwa ngenkani, akhiqize amandla anamandla okubuya (ingcindezi yokuxhumana) efuna ukubuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala.
La mandla okubuyela emuva aphikisana ngokuqinile nodonga lwensimbi; ngokwengqondo, inqobo nje uma idlula ingcindezi yoketshezi lwangaphakathi, okuphakathi ngeke kuvuze nhlobo.
Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi yokubekwa uphawu ilele ekuhlinzekeni okuqhubekayo kwamandla anwebekayo ngamaketanga e-silicone yamangqamuzana ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, okubenza bakwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezindaweni zensimbi.
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Yini ebangela ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo?
Njengoba ukubekwa uphawu kuncike emandleni okubuyisela, kwenzekani uma la mandla enyamalala?
Iyini i-compressive permanent deformation?
Sifaka ijeli ye-silicone ngo-25%, siyibhaka kuhhavini ngama-degree angu-120 amahora angu-70, bese siyisusa futhi siyivumele ukuba ipholile futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala.
Uma ikwazi ukubuyisela ngokugcwele ukujiya kwayo koqobo, i-CS=0% (i-elastomer ephelele engekho empeleni).
Uma isicaba ngokuphelele futhi ingalulami sanhlobo, CS=100% (okubonisa ukuthi isiyipulasitiki eqinile).
Kungani amaketanga amangqamuzana “angabuyeli esimeni sawo sokuqala”? Inkinga ileleveli ye-microscopic:
Izinga Lomzimba - Ukuphumula Kwengcindezi kanye Nokuhlelwa Kabusha Kwezigaba Zeketango
I-silicone yakhiwa ngokuhlangana kwamaketanga amade wamangqamuzana. Lapho ucindezelwa isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu,
Yehlisa ingcindezi yayo yangaphakathi ngokushelela kancane kancane nokuhlela kabusha.
Kufana nokucindezela ibhola elithambile lentambo phansi kwebhokisi unyaka-ngesikhathi uyikhipha, isivele isijwayele isimo sayo esiyisicaba futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuphinda ithole ukuphaphatheka kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
Lokhu "kuyekethisa" okungokomzimba kubangela ukwehla kancane kancane kwamandla aphindiselayo.
Ileveli yamakhemikhali – Ukubhidlika kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha-kwamabhondi axhumanisayo
Lesi isici esibucayi kakhulu. Ukunwebeka kwe-silicone kuncike-ekuxhumaniseni amabhondi phakathi kwamaketanga emolekyuli (njengamabhondi esulfure{2}}esibabule).
Ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu nokucindezelwa isikhathi eside, ukunqamuka koqobo-okuxhumanisa amabhondi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okunwebeka okudonsa.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ama-radicals amahhala akhiqizwa ukuphuka azokwenza kabusha-akhe kabusha-amabhondi axhunyiwe amasha ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelwe zezinto ezibonakalayo-akhiye ngempumelelo amaketanga emolekyuli "esimeni esicaba." Ngisho nangemva kokuba amandla angaphandle esusiwe, lezi zibopho zamakhemikhali ezintsha zivimbela impahla ukuba ibuyele ekucushweni kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
I-Physical slip + i-chemical recombination=i-compressive permanent deformation.
Inani eliphakeme le-CS liphumela kujeli ye-silicone eyisicaba kanye nengcindezi yokuxhumana ebuthakathaka. Ekugcineni, lapho amandla okubuyela emuva enganele uma kuqhathaniswa nokucindezela koketshezi, ukuvuza kwenzeka.
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Kufanele kusingathwe kanjani lokhu ngokombono wobunjiniyela?
Manje njengoba sesiziqonda izindlela eziyisisekelo, singayigwema kanjani le ngozi lapho siklama izimpawu nokukhetha izinto zokwakha?
1. Lapho utolika idatha ye-CS, hlala ucacisa izimo zokuhlola.
Ithebula lempahla ebonakalayo elinikezwa umphakeli livame ukuthi "ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo ngaphansi kokucindezelwa: 25%.Nokho, ngaliphi izinga lokushisa, ngaphansi kwasiphi isilinganiso sokucindezela, futhi lezi zilinganiso zathathwa isikhathi esingakanani?
Uma inani le-CS likalwa ku-25% ku-100℃, lingase likhuphuke liye ngaphezu kuka-50% ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokusebenza ze-150℃ngenxa yokuguga okusheshisa ukufudumeza nokuguga.
Imfuneko eyinhloko ukuthi lapho uhlola inani le-CS, izinga lokushisa lokuhlola akumele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza lomkhiqizo, futhi ubude besikhathi sokuhlola kufanele okungenani kube amahora angu-70 noma amahora angu-168. Idatha enjalo kuphela engasebenza njengesithenjwa esivumelekile sokukhetha.
2. Gxila ohlelweni-okuxhumanisayo kunokwandisa ubulukhuni ngokungaboni
Uma inani le-CS lingahlangabezani nezimfuneko, ungazami ukunxephezela ngokwandisa ubulukhuni bejeli ye-silicone-ubulukhuni abukwazi ukuhlehlisa ukuwohloka unomphela. Kunalokho, ukungenelela kufanele kuqondiswe ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa lwamakhemikhali-lobalulekile.
Ukuthatha i-NBR noma i-EPDM njengezibonelo: amasistimu endabuko e-sulphur vulcanization enza amabhondi esulfure{0}}anamandla ebhondi ephansi, athambekele ekuqhekekeni nasekushintsheni kumazinga okushisa aphezulu, okuholela emazingeni aphansi e-CS.
Ngokwamukela isistimu ye-peroxide vulcanization, kwakheka amabhondi ekhabhoni-yekhabhoni eyodwa, abonisa amandla ebhondi ephezulu futhi amelana nokuqhekeka nokuhlanganiswa kabusha ngaphansi{1}}kokucindezelwa kwezinga lokushisa okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuwohloka kokuminyanisa unomphela.
Ukuhwebelana-ngukwehla kokungazweli kwezinyembezi ze-peroxide{1}}izinto ezivulcanized. Lokhu kumelela ibhalansi evamile phakathi kokuzuza "okungadabuki{3}) kanye nokugcina "izakhiwo eziphindayo".
3. Ukunxeshezelwa kokuncishiswa kwe-CS ngokuklama kwesakhiwo
Uma inani le-CS lezinto lithuthukisiwe lafinyelela emkhawulweni walo womzimba (isb, 30%), singaqinisekisa kanjani ukusebenza kokuvala okuqhubekayo -kukusebenzisa isikhathi eside?
Njengoba sazi ukuthi izolahlekelwa ukukhuthazela okuthile, kufanele sihlanganise lokhu kulahlekelwa kwimvume yokuminyanisa lapho siklama ubukhulu bendawo.
Nokho, isilinganiso sokucindezela asikwazi ukunyuswa unomphela. Uma izinga lokucindezelwa liphezulu kakhulu (lidlula i-40%), ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-polymer kukhula ngokuqhubekayo, okuholela ekuqhekekeni komshini ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamaketanga amangqamuzana futhi ngenxa yalokho kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-CS.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu eyokuthi onjiniyela bezakhiwo nonjiniyela bezinto ngokuhlanganyela bathole ukubekezelelana kwe-groove okusekelwe kwijika lokuphumuza ukucindezeleka{0}}okungafaki engozini ubuqotho be-silicone noma ehluleke ukugcina isilinganiso esanele sokucindezela kokuvala ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi.
Ukudala uphawu empeleni kusho ukuba kokubili umngane kanye nesitha sesikhathi.
Unjiniyela wangempela ovala uphawu akagxili kuphela ekuqinisekiseni uphawu olungangeni manzi ngesikhathi sokuqedwa komhlangano.
Ukukhathazeka kwabo kusekutheni, ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, emihlanu, noma ngisho eyishumi-ngaphansi kokuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela okukhulu{1}}iketango lamamolekyuli lisazohlala linamathele ngokuqinile endaweni yensimbi.
Uma unesici esihlala sivuza ngokuphindaphindiwe kodwa esingakwazi ukuhlonza imbangela, noma uthole amathebula ezindawo zomphakeli edida{0}}khululeka ukuxhumana nonjiniyela wethu wezentengiso ngemidwebo yakho namasampuli ahlulekile.